Showing posts with label Jorge Luis Borges. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Jorge Luis Borges. Show all posts

July 26, 2013

‘You, who like myself are many and no one’

William Shakespeare
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A life of allegory
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In his ingenious image of the framing of Shake-speare upon Muses’ anvil, [Ben] Johnson, who knew Shakespeare so well, foreshadows what Jorge Luis Borges unravels in the greatest of all his brief allegories of Shakespeare’s live.
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To begin with, says Borges, ‘There was no one in him.’ His words were copious, but behind his face ‘there was only a bit of coldness, a dream dreamt by no one.’ How then, to fill that brain, that doomed forehead which looks out from the Droeshout engraving on the title page of the Folio (Fig. 1)?. Was reading the answer? With his little bit of Latin, Shakespeare began to find out. It was not enough. Was living to the moment the answer? He ‘let himself be initiated by Anne Hathaway one long June afternoon’ – a woman eight years his senior, she was six months pregnant when they married. It was not enough.
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He goes to London and becomes an actor. He gains a singular satisfaction from impersonating other beings. But still this is not enough, so he begins to imagining other beings. He writes plays himself.
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And so, while his flesh fullfilled its destiny as flesh in taverns and brothels of London, the soul that inhabited him was Caesar, who disregards augur’s admonition, and Juliet, who abhors lark, and Macbeth, who converses on the plains with the witches who are also fates. No one has ever been so many men as this man, who like the Egyptian Proteus could exhaust the guises of reality.
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Did he ever leave any hints in these plays as to his true identity? Borges thinks that he only did so at those moments when he recognized that identity is itself play – when Richard III says that he plays the part of many andIiago proclaims ‘I am not what I am’. His most famous passages – Hamlet’s soliloquies, Jaques’ oration on the seve ages, Prospero’s ’Our revels are ended’ – suggest that ‘existing, dreaming and acting’ are all three one and the same thing.
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For twenty years he persisted in that controlled hallucination, but one morning he was suddenly gripped by the tedium and the terror of being so many kings who die by the sword and so many suffering lovers who converge, diverge and melodiously expire.
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He sells his share in his theatre and returns to his native town. He takes up another role, that of ‘a retired impresario who has made his fortune’. He has to do something: he concerns himself with ‘loans, lawsuits and petty usury’. But
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History adds that before or after dying he found himself in the presence of God and told Him: ‘I who have been so many men in vain want to be one and myself.’ The voice of the Lord answered from a whirlwind: ‘Neither am I anyone; I have dreamt the world as you dreamt your work, my Shakespeare, and along the forms in my dream are you, who like myself are many and no one.
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‘Are you’, not ‘is you’: the form of Shakespeare is plural. Borges called his allegory ‘Everything and Nothing’.
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Mykistävän hienot Borges-sitaatit ovat teoksesta Jonathan Bate: The Genius of Shakespeare [s.32-33]
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2
Itse asiassa kukaan meistä ei ole vain yksi minuus yhdessä tietoisuus-kontekstissa. Me olemme ja meissä vaikuttaa monta eri persoonaa. Me olemme, kuten Borgesin ‘jumala-Shakespeare’: ‘many and no one’.
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Yksilölliseen identiteettiin ja tajuntaan sisältyvän ‘monimieli-ulottuvuuden’ oivaltaminen on yhtä aikaa sekä pelottava kokemus että pohjaton luovan toiminnan ja siitä kumpuavan mielihyvän lähde. Luova 'moneus' on paitsi tietoisuutemme koherenssia uhkaava kaaos [psykoosi] myös tietoisuutemme yksilöllisen rajoittuneisuuden sekä transgressoiva että samanaikaisesti jollain ‘korkeammalla’ tasolla integroiva ‘jumaluuden kaltainen tila’.
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Voimme puhua tällaisista asioista vain allegorisesti, ja heti kun esim. 'luonnon-tiedemies' tarttuu niihin, ne katoavat ja pakenevat kuin kirkas vesi tai ilma käsistämme muuttuen pelkiksi atomeiksi ja elektroneiksi vailla esteettisen tietoisuuden valoa, joka synnyttää maailman, kadoten viimein kaoottiseen tyhjyyteen, joka on niiden alkukoti: Jumala moneutena, ykseytenä eikä kenään.
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Vain taitelija, tuo J/jumalan ‘sukulainen’: ‘many and none’, eikä suinkaan tiedemies [joka on paholaisen väline] voi synnyttää ['inkarnoida'] maailman uudestaan jumalallisesta tyhjyydestä luomalla kokemuksensa äärettömyydestä fiktiivisiä kuvia ja ääniä, jotka saavat meidät valtoihinsa, jotka hurmaavat meidät olemalla vaikuttavampia kuin havaittu ja koettu arkinen todellisuus, olemalla 'todellisempia' kuin eksakteihin metodeihin ja kaavoihin kangistunut, luonnon väkivaltaiseen hallintaan ja manipulointiin pyrkivä, persoonallisuuden jumalallista ykseyttä ja moneutta kunnioittamaton kone-hybris.
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Shakespeare oli yhtä aikaa persoonallinen ja jumalallinen, mutta ei romantikkojen tarkoittamassa yksilönerollisessa mielessä vaan Borgesin monimielellisyyden ja moniminuudellisuuden merkityksessä, joka ei lankea romantikkojen megalomaanisen vitalistiseen [tyhjään ja mielettömään=ilman mieltä] solipsismiin muttei myöskään tee Shakespearesta hyötyä [jopa esteettisessä mielihyvässä] palvovien insinöörien taiteilija-robotti-marionettia. 
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Borgesin ei-kukaan on monipersoona. Itse asiassa me jokainen olemme yksilöinä Borgesin 'moni ja ei-kukaan'.
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February 14, 2008

Paolo ja Francesca - Danten Helvetin rakastavaiset

Alla oleva teksti on kirjasta Seven Nights: Jorge Luis Borges - luentoja, osa The Divine Comedy.

Borges kirjoittaa:
'To digress for a moment I would like to recall a stanza, perhaps the finest, of Leopoldo Lugones, who was no doubt inspired by the fift canto of the Inferno.'

'Halfway through the afternoon that day,
As I bid you my habitual goodbye,
A vague dismay at leaving
Made me know that I loved you'

(Myös espanjalainen alkuperäisversio löytyy kirjasta)

Lugones on Borgesin mukaan saanut vahvoja vaikutteita Helvetin viidennestä osasta/laulusta, joka kertoo Paolosta ja Francescasta - avionrikkojista (adultery).

Paolo ja Francesca teloitettiin yhdessä.
Vain Francesca kertoo Dantelle heidän tarinansa. Borges ajattelee, että vaikka parin kohtalo onkin hirveä, eivätkä he voi puhua keskenään, heillä silti rakastavaisina on yhä toisensa - Helvetissäkin.

Borges kirjoittaa:

Dante relates the fate of the two lovers with an infinite pity, and we sense that he envies their fate. Paolo and Francesca are in hell and he will be saved, but they have loved and he never won the love of the woman he loved, Beatrice.
There is certain injustice in this, and Dante must feel it as something terrible, now that he is separated from her.
In contrast, these two sinners are together. They cannot speak to each other, they turn in the black whirlwind without hope, yet they are together.
When she speaks, she says 'we', speaking for the two of them, another form of being together. They are together for eternity; they share Hell - and that, for Dante, must have been a kind of Paradise.
We know he is quite moved. He then collapses as he were dead.

Mestarillista tekstiä Dantesta ja Jumalaisesta näytelmästä.
http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/ (Eino Leinon suomennos löytyy tästä)